Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most widely used Solid lubricants applied in different ways on the surfaces under friction. In this work, AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was coated with MoS2, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at four different temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700°C). Coatings properties were investigated using SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR, Hardness Tester and Roughness tester. The results showed that with simultaneous evaporation of sulfur and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in the CVD chamber, a uniform coating layer containing MoS2 and MoO2 phases is formed. Increase in the substrate temperature resulted in the rise in the proportion of MoS2 to MoO2 phases as well as the thickness of coating. The thickness, grain size and the hardness of the coating were 17-29 µm, 50-120 nm and 260- 480 HV respectively.

Introduction: Solid and cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential which often occurs in young women. The tumor is usually large and encapsulated. Microscopic examination reveals small round cells with papillary-configuration in a delicate vascular stroma. Case Report: The cases presented in this report were 2 women at the age of 15 & 26 who were both injured by striking. Radiologic findings revealed retroperitoneal mass. Both patients have not had any problem after surgery yet.Conclusion: In this neoplasm, surgery is treatment of choice and definite diagnosis is made by histology and immunohistochemistry. Patients have excellent long-time prognosis.

Background and Objectives: Solid Pseudo-Papillary Tumor (SPPT) is a benign and rare neoplasm which transforms to malignant from in fewer than 1 to 2 percent of cases. In more than 90% of the cases, it appears in young women ages 20 to 40 years old. Although SPPT is a benign tumor, it has special potential for mild malignancy. Case Report: The patient was an 18-year old woman with abdominal mass, headache, fever, chill, decreased appetite, pallor and dysuria who referred to Shahid Sadooghi hospital of Yazd, Iran in July 2007. In examination, a firm inflated, mobile, and painless mass with distinct borders was palpated in the left upper abdominal quadrant. This mass was 16 cm in diameter. In CT scan a large hypodense mass with thick wall and crossing the center line on the right side of spine was prominent. Microscopic evaluations after the surgery showed tumoral cells of small polyhedral core elliptical, pseudopapillary processes trabeculs with diffused fibrosis, atrophy acinar and mild infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the tumors margins. Conclusion: The final diagnosis in this patient was SPPT, a primary neoplasm of the pancreas. Its etiology is unknown and has low potential to turn into malignant form. It should be considered, especially in young women. Complete removal of the mass is the preferred treatment of the patients. Patients with local recurrence or metastasis can have long term survival after complete removal of the mass.

There is demand for the reduction of friction loss under poor lubricating conditions, for higher contact pressure, and a longer lifetime in internal combustion engines. Overlay technology is one of the effective means for reducing friction loss and improving seizure resistance of journal bearings. The present study describes the fundamental tribological behavior under boundary lubrication of a polyamide-imide (PAI) overlay containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) powder. Specimens with different layer structures for the overlay were prepared, and the effects of the layer structure of the overlays were investigated experimentally. As result, the MoS2 in the surface overlay layers became highly aligned through a high-speed spin coating process. In the case of the overlays containing MoS2, the coefficient of friction became almost constantly with a gradual increase, and this was in contrast to the case of the overlays without MoS2.

Aluminum extrusion processes is a common method for production of prismatic aluminum profiles with identical cross-section. In extrusion process, friction is one of the most important factors and it plays a crucial role in this process. Friction affects the output profile shape, temperature distribution, extrusion load and etc. One of the best methods to control and reduce the friction between different surfaces during extrusion process is using a lubricant. The aim of this paper is studying the effect of lubricant in aluminum extrusion process of the AA6082 alloy by employing the varying friction coefficient between interfaces. For this purpose the finite element analysis has been adopted by using the commercial DEFORM 3D finite element software and in order to verify the obtained results, the experimental results which are available in the literature have been used. The results show that, the friction reduction decreases the required extrusion force and maximum temperature of work piece significantly. In addition, by reducing the amount of friction between interfaces, the more uniform velocity distribution at the output profile is obtained which leads to improvement in the output profile shape and reduction in the dead metal zones.

In this investigation, MoSx/Cr coatings were deposited by direct-current magnetron sputter onto Ck45 (AISI 1045) plain carbon steel substrates. The MoSx/Cr ratio in the coatings was controlled by sputtering the composite targets. The chemical characterization was performed using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis); the structural characterization was accomplished by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The mechanical properties of coatings were analyzed by nanoindentation experiments. The tribological behavior of the coatings was investigated using the pin on disc test at room temperature. MoSx/Cr coatings with Cr atomic percentage of 13% was found to possess the optimum wear resistance and durability. The MoSx/Cr coatings showed a maximum hardness of 12. 5 GPa at a dopant content of 13 at. % Cr. Moreover, the films exhibited a steady state friction coefficient from 0. 15 to 0. 19 and the main wear mechanisms of the MoSx/Cr coating in air were abrasive, adhesive, and oxidation.

A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) in-silico study was performed to develop a mathematical model that correlates 2D and 3D descriptors of 37 antioxidant lubricant additives (compounds) with their properties. A molecular dynamics simulation study was also carried out to access these additives' binding strength on diamond-like carbon (DLC) and steel crystal surfaces. Five novel antioxidant lubricant additives were designed from the information derived from the QSPR mathematical model’ s high coefficient molecular descriptors. All the novel lubricant additive’ s antioxidant properties were found to be better than our previous study, with the lubricant additive (Z)-3-(4-(5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3, 5-dimethylphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-3, 5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one found to possessed excellent antioxidant properties of 0. 850281 total acid values (T. A. V 0. 1g/L) than its co-additives. Moreover, all the designed additives dynamically bind to steel crystal surfaces excellently from our dynamic simulation study than the DLC crystal surface. The molecular dynamics simulation results were found to be better than the one reported by our previous study. This investigation will help synthesize novel and excellent antioxidant lubricant additives that will hinder the base oil from undergoing a complete oxidation cycle and meet environmental requirements as these novel additives do not contain Zinc and Phosphorus, which often rendered exhaust pipes catalytic converter inactive, thereby increasing environmental pollution.